StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...

Sale of Goods Act 1979 sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk - Essay Example

Cite this document
Summary
Abstract This research deals with the passing of property and risk in unascertained goods, deemed consent by two buyers and the protection of liquidators from any legal liability in case of insolvency the seller to which the enacted Section 20A and 20B to the Sale of Goods Act aims to achieve…
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER93% of users find it useful
Sale of Goods Act 1979 sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk
Read Text Preview

Extract of sample "Sale of Goods Act 1979 sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk"

Download file to see previous pages

Section 20A is applicable to Contracts of sale where there is a “specified quantity of unascertained goods.” Section 20B was enacted to supplement the lacuna created by section 20A where there has been deemed consent by the buyer as a co-owner of goods from the bulk and the protection of liquidators from any action in case of insolvency. It means that an act done under Section 20A by one of the co-owners (buyers) binds the other but in case of the seller’s insolvency before passing of property paid for, the buyer is protected.

Therefore, the researcher concludes that the legislature never introduced any form of injustice to replace another by enacting Sections 20A and 20B but they cured the mischief in law and strengthened the justice system that could have created endless litigations due to uncertainty of goods, undefined deemed consent and the insolvency of the seller where property had not passed to the buyer. Analysis Sections 20A and 20B Section 20A of the Sale of Goods Act as amended specifically deals with contracts where the parties traded in “specified quantity of unascertained goods” in the bulk and gives legal parameters to the effect that property and risk in goods is deemed to have passed upon ascertainment as per the Avory J in Healey v Howlett & Sons (1917).

This can either be by identification of goods by the buyer, appropriation by the seller, abatement and or severance of the goods in the bulk by the buyer. In this vein, particular conditions should be fulfilled which includes; that such goods for sale or a sample from the bulk should be clearly identified as forming part of the contract or by any other subsequent contract by parties to that agreement (Burns, 1996, P.268). Secondly, there should be consideration for those goods forming wholly or part of the contract according to Burns, (1996, P.268) and also upheld by the Court in Cohen v Roche (1927).

It is an exception to the old rule of thumb that goods pass upon delivery and payment (Ward (RV) Ltd v Bignall,1967, P.545). In this circumstance, it’s upon ascertainment. Where upon the above conditions are satisfied, property and risk is premafacie passed onto the buyer for those ascertained goods in the bulk as per the Court in Pignataro v Gilroy & Sons (1919) involving the sale of unascertained rice2. The only exception is where there is an agreement to the contrally between the contracting parties (The Sale of Goods Act, 1795, S.20A (2)) or if there are special factors forming part of the essential terms of the contract (Nicole, 1979, P.143). Property further passes in unascertained goods by the buyer’s approval of goods produced by the seller before delivery but the seller should notify the buyer of that production (Wilkins v Bromhead, 1844).

This thus means that there has been appropriation of goods hence passing of property and risk (Noblett v Hopkinson, 1905). Furthermore, part payment for the goods being ascertained is in the circumstance treated as consideration and therefore makes the buyer owner of the goods. Property is thus deemed to have passed according to Hendy Lenox Ltd v Grahame Puttick Ltd (1984). However, the terms of the contract must be fulfilled failure of which negatives the passing of property as was the case in Carlos Federspiel & Co SA v Charles Twigg & Co Ltd (1957) involving the sale of bicycles which didn’t pass until they had passed the ship rail.

Therefore, sections 20A and 20B were not

...Download file to see next pages Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(“Sale of Goods Act 1979 sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk Essay”, n.d.)
Retrieved from https://studentshare.org/law/1470149-sale-of-goods-act
(Sale of Goods Act 1979 Sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk Essay)
https://studentshare.org/law/1470149-sale-of-goods-act.
“Sale of Goods Act 1979 Sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk Essay”, n.d. https://studentshare.org/law/1470149-sale-of-goods-act.
  • Cited: 1 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Sale of Goods Act 1979 sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk

The Sales of Goods Act, Advice to AOL on its Obligations

Another aspect of legal disputes in commercial contracts involve the situation where there is damage to property that belongs to one of the parties in the contract after an order is placed.... The Misrepresentation act of 19675, as amended by the Unfair Contract Terms act 19776 restricts the possibility of using exclusion clauses to limit liability for misrepresentation.... Section 3 of the Misrepresentation act states that if a term in a contract excludes liability for misrepresentation, any remedy available to the other party by reason of such misrepresentation, that term shall have no effect unless it satisfies the requirements of reasonableness in Section 11 (1) of the Unfair Contract Terms act 1977....
11 Pages (2750 words) Essay

Contract Law. Westwood Ltds

, sale of goods act 1979).... The sale of goods act 1979 is the main statute that binds the contract of sale in the United Kingdom and was amended by the following relevant or related law and legislation: Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, and The Sale of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002.... 4, sale of goods act 1979).... Failure to follow the tenor of the terms of the contract is equivalent to breach of contract by which the party at fault can be held liable for the payment of damages or other relevant legal remedies (Part VI, sale of goods act 1979)....
7 Pages (1750 words) Case Study

International Sales Contracts

nder the sale of goods act 1979, the 'intention of the parties' has been referred to in a number of instances.... Sections 17(1), 18 and 20 of the sale of goods act 1979 also have used the intention of the parties.... This paper brings out the implications of the observations of Lord Wright about the intentions of the parties to a contract of sale with regard to the FOB and CIF contracts and also the improvements if any brought about by section 20A newly introduced by the sale of goods (Amendment) Act 1995....
16 Pages (4000 words) Essay

Consumer Protection

Tackro are now claiming that they are entitled to payment of… It is submitted that the implied terms and rights under the sale of goods act 1979 (SGA1) will be applicable and in order to advise Mr Rumsey with regard to his legal position regarding the goods purchased by Tackro, it will be necessary to evaluate the The law of contract stipulates three fundamental requirements for the formation of a legally enforceable contract; namely; offer, acceptance and consideration2 (it is important to note that the contracting parties must have legal capacity, which is presumed not to be an issue in this case)....
14 Pages (3500 words) Essay

Section 20A & 20B of the Sale of Goods Act 1995

The sale of goods act 1979 (SGA1) implemented strengthened rights for consumer into sales of goods contracts by implying terms that cannot be contracted out of by the seller2.... 0 For example, the general position regarding passing of property in goods under sale of goods contracts is covered by sections 16-19 of the SGA and provides that if there is an express provision that the property was to pass to the buyer at a particular stage, that provision could not, in the case of a contract for the sale of unascertained goods, come into effect until those goods were...
8 Pages (2000 words) Essay

How Effectively the Rules of Passing of Property and Transfer of Risk in the Sale Of Goods Act 1979

nbsp;… The application of the provisions contained in the rules under Section 18 of the sale of goods act 1979 can be unpredictable.... The passing of any risk associated with preservation of the property sold or in the process of being sold is governed by Section 20(1) of the sale of goods act 1979 which provides as follows: 'Unless otherwise agreed, the goods remain at the sellers' risk until the property in them is transferred to the buyer, but when the property in them is transferred to the buyer the goods are at the buyer's risk whether delivery has been made or not....
8 Pages (2000 words) Term Paper

Commercial Law, the Sale of Goods Act 1979

The paper "Commercial Law, the sale of goods act 1979 " discusses that the general rule set out under section 17 of the SGA provides that property in goods pass when the parties intend it to pass, thereby highlighting the freedom of contract principle.... If there is an express provision that the property was to pass to the buyer at a particular stage, that provision could not, in the case of a contract for the sale of unascertained goods, come into effect until those goods were ascertained under section 16 of the sale of goods act 1979 (SGA)....
11 Pages (2750 words) Assignment

Legal Issues Focusing on the Transfer of Risk and Property

A BL is “used to acknowledge the receipt of a shipment of goods.... The author of the current research paper "Legal Issues Focusing on the Transfer of risk and Property" claims that it is necessary to bifurcate the two transactions in order to gain better control over them, and to be able to explain in better detail.... Under such normal circumstance, the “risk” of the goods passes on to the buyer as soon as the goods have been placed on the carriage....
11 Pages (2750 words) Research Paper
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us